In most cases osteoarthritis of the hip can be diagnosed based on the medical history, physical examination and an x-ray of the affected hip.
Medical history
W-where is the pain ( location ), and radiation of symptom
W- when it began, fluctuation over time, duration
Q- quantity of pain(pain scale),extent, degree of disability
Q- quality of pain(shooting pain),
A- aggravating factors (walking, sitting, dancing), alleviating factors
A- associating symptoms
B- Patient’s beliefs about the symptoms
Coping strategy.
Examples of questions that focus on the patient’s
coping strategy:
How have you been able to cope with the complaint so far?
What have you personally done to reduce your complaints?
To which extent are you able to predict the onset of your complaints?
How often have you been able to prevent the development of your complaints?
Which form of treatment do you think will help most and why?
Which hindrances and difficulties do you experience in performing your daily activities and which would you like to overcome?
Risk factors
-Occupation and sport
-family history
-infections
-medications
Physical examination
1. Observing gait
-Watch the patient walk,one leg at a time
-Start with the ankle and then move up the knee,hip and pelvis
2. Look and feel for sweats
s- swelling
w- wasting of muscle
e- erythaemia
a -asymmetry
t- Traumatic bruises, temperature
s-skin changes/surgical scars, rashes
3. Movements (for hip joint)
-flexion
-extension
-rotation (internal and external)
-abduction
-adduction
-measure true and apparent leg length
Laboratory tests — Laboratory tests may be recommended to help diagnose osteoarthritis by ruling out conditions with similar symptoms.
Imaging tests — X-rays are often helpful for tracking the status of osteoarthritis over time, but x-rays may appear normal during the early stages.
Other types of imaging tests, such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may be used to detect damage to cartilage, ligaments, and tendons, which cannot be seen on x-ray.
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