Deficiency Disorders

Osteoporosis - low body weight, body drops production of oestrogen, can cause amenorrhea. low oestrogen levels contribute to significant loss in bone 
 density.
- anorexics also produce increased amounts of cortisol , triggering bone loss

Vitamin C - found in asparagus, papaya oranges, cauliflower, lemons , strawberries etc.
- deficiency can cause scurvy
- considered deficient when total body Vit. C is below 300 mg.

Thiamine ( Vitamin B1) - found in meat ( pork especially ), cereals , bread, yeast and soy
- has got coenzyme and noncoenzyme roles in the body.
- deficiency causes beri beri .

Niacin ( Vitamin B6 ) - found in tuna , beef,chicken, turkey and cereals.
- has coenzyme roles and functions as a substrate in non-redox roles.
- deficiency causes pellagra

Biotin ( Vitamin H / B7 ) - found in egg yolk , liver, yeast and can be synthesised by intestinal bacteria.
- has conenzyme and non- coenzyme roles
- deficiency causes lethargy , depression , hallucinations, muscle pain, alopecia.

Vitamin A - found in liver, tuna, sardines, cheese, butter
- has role in vision , cellular differentiation , gene expression, growth
- deficiency causes xerophthalmia , abnormalities of conjunctiva and cornea of eye.

Sinus Bradycardia - defined as heart rate below 50 per minutes
- electrolytes usually dissolve in body fluids.
starvation and dehydration causes imbalance of ions ( Ca2+ and K + ) which are important to maintain AP’s necessary for proper cardiac function.
imbalance causes improper conduction of AP’s in the heart . ( lowered ) hence bradycardia.

Use of Laxatives - chronic abuse damages stomach nerves and causes constipation .

Self- Induced Vomiting / Use of Ipecac Syrup - abuse of ipecac syrup causes damage to heart, muscles . causes arrthymias, stomach cramps, fatigue , weakness and trouble breathing.